AC circuit formula tool

Impedance and Current Calculator

Convert between voltage, current, and impedance magnitude for AC circuit screening and worksheet notes.

Calculate Current from Impedance

Estimate current or voltage when an impedance magnitude is already known and the task is limited to V = I x Z.

Result

Amps

4 A

Result notes. Keep inputs, assumptions, and result together before using this value in project records.

Keep the entered values, assumptions, and result together when adding this calculation to job notes or submittal records. Final installation choices should align with the applicable code edition, equipment listing, manufacturer instructions, local amendments, and AHJ requirements.

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Formula and field context

Convert between voltage, current, and impedance magnitude for AC circuit screening and worksheet notes.

Formula context

Impedance Reactance Chart

Use these formulas: XL = 2 pi f L and XC = 1/(2 pi f C) before combining reactance with resistance. At 60 Hz, 100 mH gives XL = 37.7 ohms and 100 uF gives XC = 26.5 ohms; Z = sqrt(R^2 + X^2) for a simple series model.

Formula

XL = 2 x pi x f x L. XC = 1 / (2 x pi x f x C). X = XL - XC. Z = sqrt(R^2 + X^2) for a simple series model.

Variables to keep with the result

  • XL is inductive reactance in ohms.
  • XC is capacitive reactance in ohms.
  • f is frequency in hertz.
  • Z is impedance magnitude for the selected circuit model.

Formula and variables

For a basic impedance magnitude screen, current equals voltage divided by impedance, and voltage equals current multiplied by impedance. Use ohms for impedance, volts for voltage, and amps for current. This simplified worksheet uses magnitude only, not full complex impedance angle.

AC field context

Impedance is useful when resistance alone is not enough, such as coils, capacitors, filters, or measured AC circuit behavior. Keep frequency, component conditions, and whether the value is measured or calculated with the result.

Boundaries

This is not a load-flow study, short-circuit study, or power-quality diagnosis. Use the full impedance or power-quality calculators when resistance, reactance, angle, harmonics, or equipment interaction must be reviewed.

Common Questions

Is impedance the same as resistance?
No. Resistance is one part of impedance. AC impedance can also include inductive or capacitive reactance.
Can I use this for short-circuit current?
Use caution. This worksheet only applies a simple V/Z relationship and does not replace a fault-current or short-circuit study.
Why does frequency matter?
Reactance changes with frequency, so the impedance used in the calculation should match the operating frequency.